Authors:
- Gde Artawan, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

- I Nyoman Weda Kusuama: Google Scholar

- I Nyoman Kutha Ratna: -

- I Nyoman Suarka: Academia.edu, Google Scholar, ResearchGate

Abstract: »This study aims at revealing the picture and cultural struggle of the Balinese women in the novels written by Panji Tisna, Putu Wijaya, and Oka Rusmini, identifying the intertextuality of their works and the women’s attitude towards sociopolitical discourse and the discourse of equality in gender. The texts investigated are the novels written by Panji Tisna entitled Ni Rawit Ceti Penjual Orang (1935) and Sukreni Gadis Bali (1936); the novel written by Putu Wijaya entitled Putri published in two books (2004); and the novels entitled by Tarian Bumi (2000) and Kenanga (2003).
The theories such as the sociological theory of literature, the theory of feminism and the theory of intertextuality were adopted for investigating the novels. The results of the study show the real situation undergone by the women such as the strong confinement of tradition, the manifestation of the situation undergone by the marginalized and subordinated women, suppression, taming (cooptation), the role as hard workers (double-burden), the role as single parents, the victims of violence and the taming process (cooptation). Based on such a real situation, the female characters in the novels showed their cultural struggle by accentuating concepts/the framework of thinking, reinterpreting and behaving towards tradition. From the intertextuality point of view, the female characters in the novels were consistent in their vision towards tradition. This was shown by implementing ideas/insights, reinterpreting and behaving towards the space in the texts. However, as far as sociopolitical discourse and the discourse of equality in gender are concerned, they behaved differently. Some compromised on sociopolitical reality and equality in gender and the others were highly reactive and tended to show struggles through their ways of thinking and behaving.
This is the only study which has investigated the novels written by Panji Tisna, Putu Wijaya and Oka Rusmini at the same time. The novelty is that there is intertextuality among the novels. Such intertextuality is in the form of thematic elements which include sociopolitical discourse and the discourse of equality in gender.« (Source: e-Journal of Linguistics)

Contents:

	Abstract (p. 1)
	1. Introduction (p. 2)
	2. The Results and Discussion (p. 4)
		2.1. The Picture and Women’s Struggle in the Novel (p. 4)
		2.2 The Intertextuality among the Works Written by Panji Tisna, Putu Wijaya and Oka Rusmini (p. 8)
		2.3 The Female Characters’ Reaction against Sociopolitical Discourse and the Discourse of Equality in Gender (p. 8)
	3. Closing (p. 10)

Wikipedia: History of Asia: History of Indonesia | Literature: Indonesian literature / Oka Rusmini | Sex and the law: Rape